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Turkish

Posts about learning Turkish

Turkish grammar can feel unfamiliar at first — cases and suffixes do a lot of the work English handles with prepositions and word order. This page tracks our full 70-point curriculum, built from vowel harmony and basic cases through participles, converbs, and narrative register. Published lessons link out below; the rest are on the way.

Grammar point list ↓
A1 Lesson 1

Var and Yok: How Turkish Says "There Is" (Without a Verb)

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 2

The Dative Case: How Turkish Says "To" and "Toward"

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 3

The Genitive Case: Showing Who Something Belongs To

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 4

The Accusative Case: Marking a Specific Direct Object

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 5

The Ablative Case: How Turkish Says "From"

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 6

Predicative "To Be": How Turkish Says "I Am" Without a Verb

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 7

Possessive Determiners: Benim, Senin, Onun and the Rest

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 8

Polite Requests: The -in / -iniz Imperative

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 9

Turkish Word Order: Why the Verb Comes Last

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 10

Right Now: The Turkish Present Continuous with -iyor

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 11

Not Right Now: The Turkish Present Continuous Negative (-mıyor/-miyor/-muyor/-müyor)

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 12

Are You...? Turning the Turkish Present Continuous into a Question (-iyor mu)

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 13

The Word That Makes a Question: Turkish mı / mi / mu / mü

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 14

The Plural Suffix: Turkish -ler / -lar

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 15

The Locative Case: How Turkish Says "At," "In," and "On"

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 16

Possessive Suffixes: My, Your, His/Her, Our, and Their

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 17

Expressing Desire: -mek/-mak istemek ("to want to…")

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 18

Turkish Vowels: The 8-Vowel System Every Suffix Runs On

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 19

Vowel Harmony: How Turkish Suffixes Match the Word They Attach To

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 20

Demonstrative Case Forms: How Bu, Şu, and O Change With Case

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 21

Turkish Question Words: Ne, Kim, Nerede, Nasıl, Kaç, Ne Zaman, Neden

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 22

Consonant Softening: Why kitap Becomes kitabı

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 23

Simple Past in Turkish: -di, -dı, -du, -dü (and -ti, -tı, -tu, -tü)

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 24

Comparatives & Superlatives in Turkish: daha and en

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 25

Turkish Future Tense: -ecek / -acak

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 26

Turkish Adverbs of Frequency and Degree: çok, bazen, hiç, pek

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 27

Turkish Conjunctions: ve, ama, çünkü, ya da, hem...hem de

Available in: English, Farsi
B1 Lesson 28

Turkish Past Habitual: -erdi / -ırdı ("used to")

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 29

Turkish Past Continuous: -iyordu ("was doing")

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 30

Reported Past in Turkish: -miş (What You Heard, Not What You Saw)

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 31

Saying "Can" in Turkish: -ebilmek / -abilmek

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 32

Saying "Can't" in Turkish: -(y)AmA-

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 33

Turkish Postpositions: ile, için, gibi, kadar, göre & More

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 34

The Four Irregular Stems: gitmek, etmek, yemek, demek

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 35

When a Verb Stem Already Ends in a Vowel: -iyor's Vowel-Drop Rule

Available in: English, Farsi
A1 Lesson 36

Here, There, and Over There: bura, şura, and ora

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 37

Instrumental Case: -(y)le / -(y)la ("with / by means of")

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 38

"With" and "Without": The Adjectival Suffixes -lı / -siz

Available in: English, Farsi
A2 Lesson 39

Optative Mood: -(y)eyim / -(y)elim ("Let Me / Let's")

Available in: English, Farsi

The full curriculum

Existence & Availability

Grammatical Cases

The Verb "To Be"

Pronouns & Possession

Verb Conjugation

Sentence Structure

  • Turkish Word Order: Why the Verb Comes Last
  • Comparatives & Superlatives in Turkish: daha and en
  • Turkish Adverbs of Frequency and Degree: çok, bazen, hiç, pek
  • Turkish Conjunctions: ve, ama, çünkü, ya da, hem...hem de
  • Turkish Postpositions: ile, için, gibi, kadar, göre & More
  • "Göre" ("according to") (coming soon)
  • Subject Participle: -en/-an ("the one who...") (coming soon)
  • Object Participle: -DIk + possessive ("that [subject] verbed") (coming soon)
  • Future Participle Usage (reuses the future tense's forms) (coming soon)
  • Time Clauses: -DIğI zaman / -mADIğI zaman / -DIktan sonra (coming soon)
  • Time Clause: -ince/-ınca ("when...") (coming soon)
  • The -ki Suffix (relativizer) (coming soon)
  • Duration: -DAn beri / -DIr ("since / for") (coming soon)
  • "Ne kadar da" (intensifier - "how very...!") (coming soon)
  • Manner Converb: -ArAk ("by/while doing X") (coming soon)
  • Sequential Converb: -Ip ("and, having done X") (coming soon)
  • Causal Clause: -DIğI için ("because X [happened]") (coming soon)
  • "Diye" ("thinking/saying that...") (coming soon)
  • "Olarak" ("as X / in the capacity of X") (coming soon)
  • "Tarafından" (Passive Agent Marker - "by X") (coming soon)
  • "Rağmen" ("despite / in spite of") (coming soon)
  • Semi-Modal Verbs + Dative Complement (coming soon)
  • Epistemic and Evidential Expressions (coming soon)
  • Common Verbs + Accusative Object: unutmak, sormak, hatırlamak (coming soon)
  • Konuşmak vs. Söylemek ("to speak" vs. "to say/tell") (coming soon)

Questions

Noun Suffixes

Modal Constructions

Sounds & Vowel Harmony

Sound Changes in Suffixes

Tenses

Modality & Necessity

Word Formation

Adjectives

Mood (Conditional, Imperative...)

Verb Voice (Passive, Causative...)

  • Passive Voice: -Il/-In (coming soon)
  • Causative: -t/-DIr/-Ir (curated list only - lexically complex) (coming soon)
  • Reflexive: -In/-ın ("to do X to oneself") (coming soon)
  • Reciprocal: -Iş/-ış ("to do X to/with each other") (coming soon)

Style & Register

  • Narrative Register: Repeated -mış (storytelling) (coming soon)